DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
BOARD FOR CORRECTION OF MILITARY RECORDS
Application for the Correction of
the Coast Guard Record of:
BCMR Docket No. 2005-089
XXXXXXXXXXXXX.
xxxxxxxxxxxxx BMCS (Ret.)
FINAL DECISION
Author: Ulmer, D.
This proceeding was conducted according to the provisions of section 1552 of
title 10 and section 425 of title 14 of the United States Code. The application was
docketed on April 8, 2005, upon receipt of the applicant’s completed application and
military records.1
members who were designated to serve as the Board in this case.
This final decision, dated February 8, 2006, is signed by the three duly appointed
APPLICANT’S REQUEST AND ALLEGATIONS
The applicant asked the Board to correct his Coast Guard military record by
awarding him Combat-Related Special Compensation (CRSC)2 at 100% of his Depart-
ment of Veterans Affairs (DVA) ratings. The applicant stated on his CRSC application
that the DVA rated his bilateral hearing loss and tinnitus as 60% disabling and his "loss
of rectum, neurogenic bladder, and loss of use of a creative organ" as 100% disabling.
1 The Board first received the applicant's submissions on April 20, 2004. The application was docketed
after the Board had received a completed application and exhaustion of administrative remedies had
occurred.
2 CRSC is a recently enacted law (2002) that allows certain retirees to receive both retired pay and
disability compensation. To be eligible for combat related special compensation a retired member must
have 20 years of active service and either a combat-related disability or a Purple Heart related disability
that the DVA has rated to be at least 10% disabling.
According to a December 19, 2003, letter from the Commander, Coast Guard
Personnel Command (CGPC), the applicant has DVA ratings as follows: 100% for
malignant growths of the digestive system, 30% for arteriosclerosis heart disease, 20%
for urinary condition (general), and 10% for scars of the head, face or neck
The applicant alleged that his hearing loss was combat-related because it
originated from his "performance of duty under conditions simulating war," while
"serving as a gun captain on a 3/50 gun mount for 40 months engaged on a quarterly
period with night and day firing along with other CG vessels and the US Navy."
instrumentality of war. He stated that in 1960 he incurred the injury when he was
He alleged that his rectal cancer was combat-related because it resulted from an
[m]aking repair[s] to a boundary buoy that had been hit by a stray aircraft
rocket. The buoy exploded due to trapped hydrogen gas [and he was]
hurdled over twenty feet over board. [He] received burns over 40% of his
body with bleeding of the rectum. [The] bleeding started again in 1978.
[A] Navy doctor found a carcinoma tumor [and I] had a resection and was
left with a colostomy. [The] pathological report of the tumor found wire
segments inside. [The] accident investigation found the vent system had
been inoperative on the buoy.
The applicant provided the pathology report of the rectal lesion specimen
obtained on June 1, 1978. It offered the following microscopic description: "Section
through the entire specimen reveal fragments of a tumor composed of glandular
structure sometimes separated by marked desteoplastic reaction with acute and chronic
inflammatory cell infiltration. The cells are polyhedral, sometimes with hyperchromatic
nuclei and vesicular nucleoli. Some of the fragments are partially covered by benign
colonic glands."
The applicant also submitted the pathology report of the specimen obtained
during his surgery on June 12, 1978. This report noted the tumor measured 6 cm
longitudinally and 5 cm transversely and appeared to infiltrate the entire thickness of
he colonic wall. The report further stated, "The specimen consisted of a segment of
grayish tissue measuring 5 x 1.5 x 1 cm. Within the tissue are wire sutures. Sections
reveal pink tan cut surfaces."
CRSC Processing
The applicant filed his application for CRSC in 2003. The Coast Guard denied
the application on December 19, 2003. In denying the CRSC application, the applicant
was advised to consider documenting the following:
Your hearing loss in both ears is not documented by the [DVA] as a
disability. In addition, it does not appear that your disabilities resulting
from the exploded buoy were caused by an instrumentality of war - under
the strict definition of CRSC criteria. An instrumentality of war must have
an intended military purpose. If you can demonstrate a particular
military purpose for the buoy in question, we will reconsider your
application. Such demonstration might include documented proof that
the buoy was used to mark a military quarantine area - and that use was
the buoy's sole use.
On February 7, 2004, the applicant requested reconsideration of the decision
denying his CRSC claim. In a statement, he noted that the DVA had rated his hearing
loss as 20% disabling, and found that it was directly linked to the exploding buoy and
exposure to the noise from a 3/50 gun mounted on the ship. With respect to the alleged
injury to his rectum, he submitted a statement from his the deck supervisor, a retired
BMC. This individual's description of the explosion was the same as that provided by
the applicant. The BMC further stated that the buoy was a marker for the Navy's
bombing range and was struck by a stray rocket severing the electrical system.
According to the BMC, the applicant was replacing a battery and standing inside the
rim of the buoy when a spark caused hydrogen gas to explode. The chief stated that the
accident investigation found the vent system was inoperative due to the Navy rocket
damage on May 10, 1960.
On March 22, 2004, upon reconsideration, the Coast Guard denied the applicant's
request for CRSC. On April 7, 2004, the applicant objected to the Coast Guard denial of
his CRSC application and encouraged further consideration.
On April 29, 2004, the Coast Guard informed the applicant that the CRSC board3
had determined that he met the overall criteria for CRSC for his hearing related
difficulties. The CRSC panel also determined that "any disability you may have
suffered as a result of your unfortunate buoy accident is combat-related." The CRSC
panel awarded the applicant a 10% combat related disability for his hearing loss and
10% for his tinnitus, for a combined 20% CRSC rating. The applicant was advised that
his CRSC claim for disability due to malignant growths of the digestive system could
not be approved without further medical evidence. The CRSC panel stated it required
"further medical evidence that it is at least as probable as not that the metal fragments
you've documented as being in your rectum contributed to the cancer found in your
rectum."
3 Hereafter, CRSC board will be referred to as the CRSC panel to avoid confusion with the use of the
term Board which refers to the BCMR panel.
On June 22, 2004, the applicant responded to the CRSC's letter. He asked the
CRSC panel to consider granting him a disability rating for the scarring on his face and
for skin cancers that the applicant claimed were related to the buoy explosion. The
applicant also contributed his urinary condition to the removal of the malignant tumor
growth of the digestive system, which he alleged along with his heart and hiatal hernia
were caused by "my free trip into orbit and slamming back on the buoy body before
rolling over board." The applicant stated that the doctor who performed the surgery to
remove the digestive tumor had passed away, but he submitted a statement from a Dr.
M about the wire fragments that were found in his body.
Dr. M stated that in addition to burns on his face and torso, the applicant
sustained rectal bleeding as a result of injuries sustained when the buoy exploded. He
stated that the cause of the applicant's rectal bleeding was not elicited and the applicant
stated that it eventually stopped. Dr. M. further stated:
It has been brought to my attention that during his initial resection for
cancer, some remnants of wire were found within the wall of his colon at a
site in proximity to his cancer. This is confirmed by his pathology report.
It is my opinion that the wire itself is/was not responsible for him
developing rectal carcinoma. However, it is reasonable to infer that if his
preceding injury from an explosion resulted in metal fragments in the wall
of his colon as a result of the blast, then it is also possible if not probable
that other foreign debris from the explosion such as plastic fragments,
battery acids, grease, dirt, etc would have been introduced in a similar
fashion. It is possible that some carcinogenic substance could have been
introduced into the rectum as a result of his traumatic event. The
presence of the wire remnants validate that this area was indeed involved
in his blast injury.
On July 6, 2004, the CRSC responded to the applicant's June letter. The panel
granted the applicant an additional 10% disability rating for scars to the head, face or
neck, but continued to deny the applicant's request for a disability rating due to
malignant growths of the digestive system. The CRSC panel told the applicant that it
required "further medical opinion that it is more probable than not" that the buoy
accident was the cause of the applicant's rectal cancer. The panel recommended that the
applicant consult a colorectal oncologist.
On August 19, 2004, the applicant responded to the CRSC panel's July letter and
submitted an email report from the Georgia Cancer Institute. The email stated the
following:
Unfortunately we do not have enough information to really answer your
questions adequately and we try to avoid giving really specific answers to
individuals. To answer your question in GENERAL terms, yes, scars can
generate cancer and they usually are adenocarcinoma; long-term exposure
to chemicals and carcinogenic agents can also cause cancer, often different
kinds (example: benzene associated with transitional cell carcinoma,
asbestos with mesothelioma). Most university cancer centers have genetic
or risk assessment tools (in NC, Duke or UNC-Chapel Hill) that may help
you find a specific answer, but they would need to know the exact
pathology of the cancer, the exact component analysis of what was
removed, your own personal health history (smoking, etc).
RELATED EXCEPTS FROM THE MILITARY RECORD
The applicant enlisted in the Coast Guard January 31, 1957. In 1960, he was
involved in the buoy accident. The medical records show that he was hospitalized from
May 10-17, 1960, for treatment of first and second degree burns to his forehead, eyelids,
neck, right forearm, left forearm, and ankles. There is nothing in medical reports
suggesting that the applicant received any other injuries as a result of the buoy
explosion.
Later, on February 2, 1977, after earning 20 years of active service, the applicant
was placed on the temporary disability retired list (TDRL) with a combined 40%
disability rating for electrical conductive cardiac defect, hiatal hernia, and a slight
disfiguring scar. The applicant's heart disease triggered the medical board and
subsequent physical disability evaluation proceedings. During a medical evaluation for
heart disease in 1974, a medical examination of the applicant revealed the following
pertinent information with respect to the colon: "The abdomen revealed bowel sounds
within normal limits. No organs were felt. There was also no tenderness. Rectal
examination was normal. Stools were guaiac negative. Genitalia were normal. Back
revealed no CVA tenderness. Neurological examination was within normal limits."
While on the TDRL, the applicant was required to undergo periodic medical
examinations. During a periodic medical examination in June 1978, the applicant
complained of intermittent rectal bleeding occurring over an approximately three-
month period. Neoplasm was found during the rectal examination and plus was in the
applicant's stool. Upon on further examination, the applicant was diagnosed with
adenocarcinoma of the rectum. On June 12 1978 the applicant underwent an
abdominoperineal resection.
addressed to whom it may concern. The surgeon wrote the following:
On October 11, 1978, the surgeon wrote a letter on the applicant's behalf
There is no question in my mind that when a lesion reaches the size of [the
applicant's] lesion that it has been present for some time. According to the
recent theories on doubling rates of tumors, a lesion this size should have
been present from seven to ten years for it to reach a cm or greater in size.
Therefore, I suspect that the lesion was present at least in situ at the time
of [the applicant's] retirement from the service. In that regard, I would
think that this is a service related disability.
From March 16, 1981, through March 25, 1981, the applicant was hospitalized for
a medical examination to determine whether he should be permanently retired from the
Coast Guard due to physical disability. The medical report for this evaluation did not
contain any mention that fragments from the buoy explosion contributed to or were
suspected of contributing to the applicant's colon cancer.
On April 7, 1981, the Formal Physical Evaluation Board found the applicant unfit
to perform the duties of his rating and recommended his permanent retirement with a
100% disability rating, as follows: 100% for resection of adenocarcinoma of the rectum,
rated by analogy to colostomy; 30% for left bundle branch block, rated by analogy to
arteriosclerotic heart disease; and (3) 10% for hiatal hernia, with two or more symptoms
of less severity.
May 18, 1981.
The applicant was permanently retired by reason of physical disability effective
VIEWS OF THE COAST GUARD
On August 26, 2005, the Board received an advisory opinion from the Office of
the Judge Advocate General (JAG). He recommended that the applicant's request for
relief be denied.
The JAG argued that the applicant offered no evidence to support his claim that
the CRSC panel erred or committed any injustice. The JAG stated that it is abundantly
clear from the record that the Coast Guard Personnel Command exhaustively worked
with applicant concerning his CRSC disability compensation claim. In this regard, he
stated that the applicant was informed that the CRSC panel required further medical
opinion in order to substantiate the applicant's claim of disability, even to the detail of
what type of specialist he should consult. The JAG noted that the applicant has
repeatedly failed to produce any additional information to substantiate his request for a
100% CRSC. The JAG stated that absent strong evidence to the contrary, government
officials are presumed to have carried out their duties correctly, lawfully, and in good
faith. Arens v. United States, 969 F.2d 1034, 1037 (1992). Moreover, he stated that the
applicant bears the burden of proving error under 33 C.F.R. § 52.24.
The JAG attached comments from the Commander, Coast Guard Personnel
Command (CGPC) as Enclosure (1) to the advisory opinion. In addition to comments
similar to those of the JAG, CGPC offered the following: The applicant has failed to
produce any additional information to substantiate his request for 100% [CRSC]. The
information presented in [the email from gacancer.com] is too general to be considered
a "medical opinion that it is more probable than not" that the buoy accident the
Applicant suffered was the cause of the cancer found in [the applicant's] rectum."
APPLICANT’S RESPONSE TO THE VIEWS OF THE COAST GUARD
On September 26, 2005, the BCMR received the applicant's response to the views
of the Coast Guard and he disagreed with the recommendation that relief should not be
granted in his case.
The applicant contended that if he failed to carry the burden of proof it is
because several colorectal oncologists advised him that the cancerous tissue specimen
would have to be available in order to determine if the fragments caused the cancer to
form. Apparently, none of the specimen was saved. He stated that he attempted to
have one of the oncologists read his pathological report but was advised that they
would only see him if he had an active cancer problem.
The applicant argued that the same debris that struck him in the face and neck
was of the same type that entered his colon. He stated that his underwear and
dungarees were blown away with a force that lifted his 160-pound frame twenty-five
feet into the air.
The applicant stated that the record shows that wire fragments were in the
specimen removed from his colon in 1978. Relying on an article from an Internet site,
the applicant argued that "fire fragments caused colon polyps to develop when chromo-
some damage occurs in the cells of the inner lining of the colon, when chromosomes are
damaged, growth becomes uncontrolled resulting in masses of extra tissue (polyps)
these polyps are initially benign but over the years benign colon polyps can acquire
additional chromosome damage to become cancerous adenocarcinomas . . . "
APPLICABLE LAW AND GUIDANCE
10 U.S.C. 1413a.
Section 1413a. (Combat-related special compensation) of title 10 of the United States
Code provides for the following:
"(a) Authority. The Secretary concerned shall pay each eligible combat-related
uniformed services retiree who elects benefits under this section a monthly amount for
the combat-related disability of the retiree determined under subsection (b).
"(b) Amount. (1) Determination of month amount. Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3),
the monthly amount to be paid an eligible combat-related disabled uniformed services
retiree under subsection (a) for any month is the amount of compensation to which the
retiree is entitled under title 38 for that month, determined without regard to any
disability for the retiree that is not a combat-related disability . . .
"(c) Eligible retirees. For purposes of this section, an eligible combat-related disabled
uniform services retiree referred to in subsection (a) is a member of the uniformed
services entitled to retired pay who--(1) has completed at least 20 years of service in the
uniformed services that are creditable for purposes of computing the amount of retied
pay to which a member is entitled to is entitled to retired pay under section 12731 of
this title . . . (other than by reason of section 12731b of this title . . . (2) has a combat-
related disability.
"(d) Procedures. The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe procedures and criteria under
which a disabled uniformed services retiree may apply to the Secretary of a military
department to be considered to be an eligible combat-related uniform services retiree.
Such procedures shall apply uniformly through out the Department of Defense.4
*
*
*
"(f) Combat-related disability. In this section, the term 'combat-related disability' means
a disability that is compensable under the laws administered by the Secretary of
Veterans Affairs and that -- (1) is attributable to an injury for which the member was
awarded the Purple Heart; or (2) was incurred (as determined under the criteria
prescribed by the Secretary of Defense)-- (A) as a direct result of armed conflict; (B)
while engaged in hazardous service; (C) in the performance of duty under conditions
simulating war; or (D) through an instrumentality of war."
4 CGPC informed the BCMR staff that it follows the CRSC guidance provided by the Department of
Defense in processing its CRSC claims.
Department of Defense (DOD) CRSC Program Guidance
DOD Combat-related Special Compensation Revised Program Guidance January
2004 states that the following criteria, terms, definitions, explanations will apply to
making combat-related determinations in the CRSC program.
Direct Result of Armed Conflict - The disability is a disease or injury incurred in
the line of duty as a result of armed conflict. The fact that a member incurred the
disability during a period of war or an area of armed conflict or while participating in
combat operations is not sufficient to support a combat-related determination. There
must be a definite causal relationship between the armed conflict and the resulting
disability.
Armed conflict includes a war, expedition, occupation of an area or territory,
battle skirmish, raid invasion, rebellion, insurrection, guerilla action, riot, or any other
action in which Service members are engaged with a hostile or belligerent nation,
faction, force, or terrorists.
Armed conflict may also include such situations as incidents involving a member
while interned as a prisoner of war or while detained against his or her will in custody
of a hostile or belligerent force while escaping or attempting to escape from such
confinement, prisoner of war, or detained status.
While Engaged in Hazardous Service - Such service includes, but is not limited to
aerial flight, parachute duty, demolition duty, experimental stress duty, and diving
duty. A finding that a disability is the result of such hazardous service required that the
injury or disease be the direct result of actions taken in the performance of such service.
Travel to and from such service, or actions incidental to a normal duty status not
considered hazardous are not included.
In the Performance of Duty Under Conditions Simulating War - in general this
covers disabilities resulting from military training, such as war games, practice alerts,
tactical exercises, airborne operations, leadership reaction courses, grenade and live fire
weapons practice, bayonet training, hand-to-hand combat training, repelling and nego-
tiation of combat confidence and obstacle courses. It does not include physical training
activities such as calisthenics and jogging or formation running and supervised sport
activities.
Instrumentality of War - Incurrence during an actual period of war is not
required. However, there must be a direct causal relationship between the instrument-
ality of war and the disability. The disability must be incurred incident to a hazard or
risk of the service.
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
The Board makes the following findings and conclusions on the basis of the
applicant's military record and submissions, the Coast Guard's submissions, and
applicable law:
1.
The Board has jurisdiction concerning this matter pursuant to section 1552
of title 10 of the United States Code.
2.
The applicant requested an oral hearing before the Board. The Chair,
acting pursuant to 33 C.F.R. § 52.51, denied the request and recommended disposition
of the case without a hearing. The Board concurs in that recommendation.
3. The CRSC panel has determined that any disability that the applicant
suffered as a result of the buoy explosion in 1960 is combat-related. In accordance
therewith, the CRSC panel has granted the applicant a combined 30% CRSC disability
rating for bilateral hearing loss, bilateral tinnitus, and scarring of the face and/or neck.
The Board accepts the favorable findings of the CRSC panel. Therefore, the primary
issue before this Board is whether the applicant has proven that his colorectal cancer is
combat-related for which he should receive CRSC.
4. The Board finds that the applicant has not proven by a preponderance of the
evidence that his colorectal cancer was caused by the 1960 buoy explosion. The
applicant argued that according to the pathology report, wire fragments were found
during the biopsy of the tumor that was removed during his surgery on June 12, 1978.
Bothersome to the Board is the characterization of the pathology finding as wire
fragments or segments when in fact the pathology reports states that "within the tissue
are wire sutures." A suture is " a loop of thread, catgut, or similar material used to
secure apposition of the edges of a surgical or accidental wound; also called a stitch."
See Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 29th edition, p. 1739. By using the word
suture, the pathologist indicates the placement or attempted placement of stitches in the
colon, maybe from the earlier specimen removed from the applicant's colon prior to his
surgery. Therefore, the Board is not persuaded that "wire sutures" is synonymous with
"wire fragments" as the applicant uses that term in this case. Accordingly, the
applicant has submitted insufficient evidence to prove that wire fragments from the buoy
explosion were found in his colon.
5. However, even if the Board were to accept that the terms wire fragments and
wire sutures are synonymous, the applicant has still failed to prove that such wire
fragments resulted from the buoy explosion and caused or contributed to his cancer. In
support of his contention in this regard, he offered a statement from Dr. M. The
problem with Dr. M's statement is that he doubted that the wire itself was responsible
for the applicant developing rectal carcinoma, which undermines the applicant's central
contention in this case. However, Dr. M stated that if metal fragments from the
explosion were in his colon "it is possible if not probable that other foreign debris from
the explosion . . . would have been introduced in a similar fashion." He further stated,
"It is possible that some carcinogenic substance could have been introduced into the
rectum as a result of his traumatic event." The problem with this speculation is there is
no evidence in the record of any other debris or carcinogen having entered the
applicant's system/colon.
6. The applicant then asks the Board to accept an email from gacancer.com
explaining the various causes of cancer. It offers no opinion that the alleged wire
fragments contributed to or caused the applicant's colorectal cancer. The email
explained, as the CRSC panel did, that the applicant would need to obtain an opinion
from a colorectal cancer expert that the buoy explosion probably caused or contributed
to the colon cancer. Such a statement is particularly important since eighteen years had
elapsed between the buoy explosion and the diagnosis of the applicant's cancer in 1978.
7. As the applicant explained, the explosion occurred over 40 years ago and he
had no idea at that time that he would need to be concerned about preserving the
specimen from his colon. Therefore, the Board would be inclined to believe that the
applicant's colorectal cancer could possibly have been due to the explosion if the
medical reports corroborated his allegation that he had rectal bleeding at the time of
hospitalization for the burns from the explosion. The medical reports do not contain
any suggestion that the applicant had rectal bleeding during his approximately five
days of hospitalization. The first report of rectal bleeding in the record by the applicant
was during a periodic examination after his 1977 placement on the TDRL. The Board
would also be inclined to believe that foreign objects might have entered the applicant's
body during the explosion, if as the applicant claimed his clothes and underwear were
torn off during the explosion. The medical record makes no mention that the applicant
clothes were torn off or that he suffered any abdominal wounds. Moreover, the burns
he suffered seem to have occurred only on those portions of the body that would not be
covered by clothing during the spring of 1960, when the buoy explosion occurred. The
retired BMC does not state that the applicant's clothing was blown off. In addition the
applicant underwent at least five physical examinations for various purposes
(reenlistment, overseas duty) between October 1960 and July 1975, and none indicated
that the applicant suffered from rectal/anus problems.
The Board finds no
corroboration for the applicant's claims that he suffered from rectal bleeding at the time
of treatment for burns caused by the explosion, that his clothes, including his
underwear, was torn off during the explosion, or that projectiles entered his abdomen
during the explosion.
9. The applicant indicated in his submissions that he wanted a CRSC rating for
his bladder condition and for his skin cancer. The bladder condition could well be
related to the colon cancer but since the applicant has failed to prove his claim in that
regard, no basis exists for granting CRSC with respect to the bladder. The applicant has
no DVA rating for his skin cancer, a requirement for CRSC. Therefore, it is not
necessary for the Board to make a finding with respect to the skin cancer.
10. The applicant also claimed that he is being treated by the DVA for post-
traumatic stress and pancreatitis. However, there is no evidence that the applicant has
DVA ratings for these conditions, a requirement for CRSC; nor did he submit evidence
that such conditions are combat-related.
11. The applicant has not proved by a preponderance of the evidence that the
1960 buoy explosion caused or contributed to his colorectal cancer. Accordingly, his
application should be denied.
[ORDER AND SIGNATURES ON FOLLOWING PAGE]
The application of former BMCS xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, USCG (Ret.), for
ORDER
correction of his military record is denied.
Kevin M. Walker
Richard Walter
Kenneth Walton
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